Integralen av $$$\frac{2 \ln\left(x\right)}{x}$$$

Bestäm $$$\int \frac{2 \ln\left(x\right)}{x}\, dx$$$.

Tillämpa konstantfaktorregeln $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ med $$$c=2$$$ och $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \frac{\ln{\left(x \right)}}{x}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{2 \ln{\left(x \right)}}{x} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(2 \int{\frac{\ln{\left(x \right)}}{x} d x}\right)}}$$

Låt $$$u=\ln{\left(x \right)}$$$ vara.

Då $$$du=\left(\ln{\left(x \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx = \frac{dx}{x}$$$ (stegen kan ses »), och vi har att $$$\frac{dx}{x} = du$$$.

Integralen blir

$$2 {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\ln{\left(x \right)}}{x} d x}}} = 2 {\color{red}{\int{u d u}}}$$

Tillämpa potensregeln $$$\int u^{n}\, du = \frac{u^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$ med $$$n=1$$$:

$$2 {\color{red}{\int{u d u}}}=2 {\color{red}{\frac{u^{1 + 1}}{1 + 1}}}=2 {\color{red}{\left(\frac{u^{2}}{2}\right)}}$$

Kom ihåg att $$$u=\ln{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{u}}^{2} = {\color{red}{\ln{\left(x \right)}}}^{2}$$

Alltså,

$$\int{\frac{2 \ln{\left(x \right)}}{x} d x} = \ln{\left(x \right)}^{2}$$

Lägg till integrationskonstanten:

$$\int{\frac{2 \ln{\left(x \right)}}{x} d x} = \ln{\left(x \right)}^{2}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{2 \ln\left(x\right)}{x}\, dx = \ln^{2}\left(x\right) + C$$$A