$$$\sin^{2}{\left(t \right)} \cos{\left(2 t \right)}$$$の積分

$$$\int \sin^{2}{\left(t \right)} \cos{\left(2 t \right)}\, dt$$$ を求めよ。

冪低減公式 $$$\sin^{2}{\left(\alpha \right)} = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\cos{\left(2 \alpha \right)}}{2}$$$ を $$$\alpha=t$$$ に適用する:

$${\color{red}{\int{\sin^{2}{\left(t \right)} \cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 t \right)}\right) \cos{\left(2 t \right)}}{2} d t}}}$$

定数倍の法則 $$$\int c f{\left(t \right)}\, dt = c \int f{\left(t \right)}\, dt$$$ を、$$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ と $$$f{\left(t \right)} = \left(1 - \cos{\left(2 t \right)}\right) \cos{\left(2 t \right)}$$$ に対して適用する:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 t \right)}\right) \cos{\left(2 t \right)}}{2} d t}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 t \right)}\right) \cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2}\right)}}$$

Expand the expression:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 t \right)}\right) \cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}}}{2} = \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- \cos^{2}{\left(2 t \right)} + \cos{\left(2 t \right)}\right)d t}}}}{2}$$

項別に積分せよ:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- \cos^{2}{\left(2 t \right)} + \cos{\left(2 t \right)}\right)d t}}}}{2} = \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t} - \int{\cos^{2}{\left(2 t \right)} d t}\right)}}}{2}$$

$$$u=2 t$$$ とする。

すると $$$du=\left(2 t\right)^{\prime }dt = 2 dt$$$（手順は»で確認できます）、$$$dt = \frac{du}{2}$$$ となります。

したがって、

$$\frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos^{2}{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}}}{2} = \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{2} d u}}}}{2}$$

定数倍の法則 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ を、$$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ と $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \cos^{2}{\left(u \right)}$$$ に対して適用する:

$$\frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{2} d u}}}}{2} = \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\cos^{2}{\left(u \right)} d u}}{2}\right)}}}{2}$$

冪低減公式 $$$\cos^{2}{\left(\alpha \right)} = \frac{\cos{\left(2 \alpha \right)}}{2} + \frac{1}{2}$$$ を $$$\alpha= u $$$ に適用する:

$$\frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos^{2}{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{4} = \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(\frac{\cos{\left(2 u \right)}}{2} + \frac{1}{2}\right)d u}}}}{4}$$

定数倍の法則 $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ を、$$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ と $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \cos{\left(2 u \right)} + 1$$$ に対して適用する:

$$\frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(\frac{\cos{\left(2 u \right)}}{2} + \frac{1}{2}\right)d u}}}}{4} = \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\left(\cos{\left(2 u \right)} + 1\right)d u}}{2}\right)}}}{4}$$

項別に積分せよ:

$$\frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(\cos{\left(2 u \right)} + 1\right)d u}}}}{8} = \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\int{1 d u} + \int{\cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}\right)}}}{8}$$

$$$c=1$$$ に対して定数則 $$$\int c\, du = c u$$$ を適用する:

$$\frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{1 d u}}}}{8} = \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{u}}}{8}$$

$$$v=2 u$$$ とする。

すると $$$dv=\left(2 u\right)^{\prime }du = 2 du$$$（手順は»で確認できます）、$$$du = \frac{dv}{2}$$$ となります。

したがって、

$$- \frac{u}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}}}}{8} = - \frac{u}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(v \right)}}{2} d v}}}}{8}$$

定数倍の法則 $$$\int c f{\left(v \right)}\, dv = c \int f{\left(v \right)}\, dv$$$ を、$$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ と $$$f{\left(v \right)} = \cos{\left(v \right)}$$$ に対して適用する:

$$- \frac{u}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(v \right)}}{2} d v}}}}{8} = - \frac{u}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v}}{2}\right)}}}{8}$$

余弦の積分は$$$\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v} = \sin{\left(v \right)}$$$:

$$- \frac{u}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v}}}}{16} = - \frac{u}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(v \right)}}}}{16}$$

次のことを思い出してください $$$v=2 u$$$:

$$- \frac{u}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{v}} \right)}}{16} = - \frac{u}{8} + \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{\left(2 u\right)}} \right)}}{16}$$

次のことを思い出してください $$$u=2 t$$$:

$$\frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{\sin{\left(2 {\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{16} - \frac{{\color{red}{u}}}{8} = \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}{2} - \frac{\sin{\left(2 {\color{red}{\left(2 t\right)}} \right)}}{16} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(2 t\right)}}}{8}$$

積分 $$$\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}$$$ はすでに計算されています:

$$\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t} = \frac{\sin{\left(2 t \right)}}{2}$$

したがって、

$$- \frac{t}{4} - \frac{\sin{\left(4 t \right)}}{16} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}}}{2} = - \frac{t}{4} - \frac{\sin{\left(4 t \right)}}{16} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\sin{\left(2 t \right)}}{2}\right)}}}{2}$$

したがって、

$$\int{\sin^{2}{\left(t \right)} \cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t} = - \frac{t}{4} + \frac{\sin{\left(2 t \right)}}{4} - \frac{\sin{\left(4 t \right)}}{16}$$

積分定数を加える:

$$\int{\sin^{2}{\left(t \right)} \cos{\left(2 t \right)} d t} = - \frac{t}{4} + \frac{\sin{\left(2 t \right)}}{4} - \frac{\sin{\left(4 t \right)}}{16}+C$$

$$$\int \sin^{2}{\left(t \right)} \cos{\left(2 t \right)}\, dt = \left(- \frac{t}{4} + \frac{\sin{\left(2 t \right)}}{4} - \frac{\sin{\left(4 t \right)}}{16}\right) + C$$$A