$$$9 i n t \sin{\left(x \right)} \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}$$$ の $$$x$$$ に関する積分

$$$\int 9 i n t \sin{\left(x \right)} \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ を求めよ。

定数倍の法則 $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ を、$$$c=9 i n t$$$ と $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \sin{\left(x \right)} \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}$$$ に対して適用する:

$${\color{red}{\int{9 i n t \sin{\left(x \right)} \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(9 i n t \int{\sin{\left(x \right)} \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)} d x}\right)}}$$

被積分関数を書き換える:

$$9 i n t {\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(x \right)} \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)} d x}}} = 9 i n t {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(x \right)}}{\sin{\left(x \right)}} d x}}}$$

$$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$ とする。

すると $$$du=\left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx = \cos{\left(x \right)} dx$$$（手順は»で確認できます）、$$$\cos{\left(x \right)} dx = du$$$ となります。

この積分は次のように書き換えられる

$$9 i n t {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(x \right)}}{\sin{\left(x \right)}} d x}}} = 9 i n t {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}}$$

$$$\frac{1}{u}$$$ の不定積分は $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$ です:

$$9 i n t {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}} = 9 i n t {\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}$$

次のことを思い出してください $$$u=\sin{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$9 i n t \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)} = 9 i n t \ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(x \right)}}}}\right| \right)}$$

したがって、

$$\int{9 i n t \sin{\left(x \right)} \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)} d x} = 9 i n t \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)}$$

積分定数を加える:

$$\int{9 i n t \sin{\left(x \right)} \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)} d x} = 9 i n t \ln{\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right| \right)}+C$$

$$$\int 9 i n t \sin{\left(x \right)} \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}\, dx = 9 i n t \ln\left(\left|{\sin{\left(x \right)}}\right|\right) + C$$$A