Integral de $$$e^{\frac{x}{2}} - 2$$$

Halla $$$\int \left(e^{\frac{x}{2}} - 2\right)\, dx$$$.

Integra término a término:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(e^{\frac{x}{2}} - 2\right)d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{2 d x} + \int{e^{\frac{x}{2}} d x}\right)}}$$

Aplica la regla de la constante $$$\int c\, dx = c x$$$ con $$$c=2$$$:

$$\int{e^{\frac{x}{2}} d x} - {\color{red}{\int{2 d x}}} = \int{e^{\frac{x}{2}} d x} - {\color{red}{\left(2 x\right)}}$$

Sea $$$u=\frac{x}{2}$$$.

Entonces $$$du=\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^{\prime }dx = \frac{dx}{2}$$$ (los pasos pueden verse »), y obtenemos que $$$dx = 2 du$$$.

La integral puede reescribirse como

$$- 2 x + {\color{red}{\int{e^{\frac{x}{2}} d x}}} = - 2 x + {\color{red}{\int{2 e^{u} d u}}}$$

Aplica la regla del factor constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ con $$$c=2$$$ y $$$f{\left(u \right)} = e^{u}$$$:

$$- 2 x + {\color{red}{\int{2 e^{u} d u}}} = - 2 x + {\color{red}{\left(2 \int{e^{u} d u}\right)}}$$

La integral de la función exponencial es $$$\int{e^{u} d u} = e^{u}$$$:

$$- 2 x + 2 {\color{red}{\int{e^{u} d u}}} = - 2 x + 2 {\color{red}{e^{u}}}$$

Recordemos que $$$u=\frac{x}{2}$$$:

$$- 2 x + 2 e^{{\color{red}{u}}} = - 2 x + 2 e^{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}}}$$

Por lo tanto,

$$\int{\left(e^{\frac{x}{2}} - 2\right)d x} = - 2 x + 2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}$$

Añade la constante de integración:

$$\int{\left(e^{\frac{x}{2}} - 2\right)d x} = - 2 x + 2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}+C$$

$$$\int \left(e^{\frac{x}{2}} - 2\right)\, dx = \left(- 2 x + 2 e^{\frac{x}{2}}\right) + C$$$A