Integral de $$$\tan{\left(8 x \right)}$$$

Halla $$$\int \tan{\left(8 x \right)}\, dx$$$.

Sea $$$u=8 x$$$.

Entonces $$$du=\left(8 x\right)^{\prime }dx = 8 dx$$$ (los pasos pueden verse »), y obtenemos que $$$dx = \frac{du}{8}$$$.

Por lo tanto,

$${\color{red}{\int{\tan{\left(8 x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\tan{\left(u \right)}}{8} d u}}}$$

Aplica la regla del factor constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ con $$$c=\frac{1}{8}$$$ y $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \tan{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\tan{\left(u \right)}}{8} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\tan{\left(u \right)} d u}}{8}\right)}}$$

Reescribe la tangente como $$$\tan\left( u \right)=\frac{\sin\left( u \right)}{\cos\left( u \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\tan{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{8} = \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin{\left(u \right)}}{\cos{\left(u \right)}} d u}}}}{8}$$

Sea $$$v=\cos{\left(u \right)}$$$.

Entonces $$$dv=\left(\cos{\left(u \right)}\right)^{\prime }du = - \sin{\left(u \right)} du$$$ (los pasos pueden verse »), y obtenemos que $$$\sin{\left(u \right)} du = - dv$$$.

La integral puede reescribirse como

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin{\left(u \right)}}{\cos{\left(u \right)}} d u}}}}{8} = \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{v}\right)d v}}}}{8}$$

Aplica la regla del factor constante $$$\int c f{\left(v \right)}\, dv = c \int f{\left(v \right)}\, dv$$$ con $$$c=-1$$$ y $$$f{\left(v \right)} = \frac{1}{v}$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(- \frac{1}{v}\right)d v}}}}{8} = \frac{{\color{red}{\left(- \int{\frac{1}{v} d v}\right)}}}{8}$$

La integral de $$$\frac{1}{v}$$$ es $$$\int{\frac{1}{v} d v} = \ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$- \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{v} d v}}}}{8} = - \frac{{\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{v}\right| \right)}}}}{8}$$

Recordemos que $$$v=\cos{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$- \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{v}}}\right| \right)}}{8} = - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\cos{\left(u \right)}}}}\right| \right)}}{8}$$

Recordemos que $$$u=8 x$$$:

$$- \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{\cos{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}\right| \right)}}{8} = - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{\cos{\left({\color{red}{\left(8 x\right)}} \right)}}\right| \right)}}{8}$$

Por lo tanto,

$$\int{\tan{\left(8 x \right)} d x} = - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{\cos{\left(8 x \right)}}\right| \right)}}{8}$$

Añade la constante de integración:

$$\int{\tan{\left(8 x \right)} d x} = - \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{\cos{\left(8 x \right)}}\right| \right)}}{8}+C$$

$$$\int \tan{\left(8 x \right)}\, dx = - \frac{\ln\left(\left|{\cos{\left(8 x \right)}}\right|\right)}{8} + C$$$A