Integral de $$$\tan{\left(4 x \right)} \csc{\left(4 x \right)}$$$

Halla $$$\int \tan{\left(4 x \right)} \csc{\left(4 x \right)}\, dx$$$.

Reescribe el integrando:

$${\color{red}{\int{\tan{\left(4 x \right)} \csc{\left(4 x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{\cos{\left(4 x \right)}} d x}}}$$

Expresa el coseno en función del seno utilizando la fórmula $$$\cos\left(4 x\right)=\sin\left(4 x + \frac{\pi}{2}\right)$$$ y luego expresa el seno utilizando la fórmula del ángulo doble $$$\sin\left(4 x\right)=2\sin\left(\frac{4 x}{2}\right)\cos\left(\frac{4 x}{2}\right)$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{\cos{\left(4 x \right)}} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 \sin{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} \cos{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}} d x}}}$$

Multiplica el numerador y el denominador por $$$\sec^2\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 \sin{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} \cos{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sec^{2}{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}}{2 \tan{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}} d x}}}$$

Sea $$$u=\tan{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}$$$.

Entonces $$$du=\left(\tan{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}\right)^{\prime }dx = 2 \sec^{2}{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} dx$$$ (los pasos pueden verse »), y obtenemos que $$$\sec^{2}{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} dx = \frac{du}{2}$$$.

Por lo tanto,

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sec^{2}{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}}{2 \tan{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{4 u} d u}}}$$

Aplica la regla del factor constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ con $$$c=\frac{1}{4}$$$ y $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{u}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{4 u} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}{4}\right)}}$$

La integral de $$$\frac{1}{u}$$$ es $$$\int{\frac{1}{u} d u} = \ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{u} d u}}}}{4} = \frac{{\color{red}{\ln{\left(\left|{u}\right| \right)}}}}{4}$$

Recordemos que $$$u=\tan{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{u}}}\right| \right)}}{4} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{{\color{red}{\tan{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}}}}\right| \right)}}{4}$$

Por lo tanto,

$$\int{\tan{\left(4 x \right)} \csc{\left(4 x \right)} d x} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{\tan{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}}\right| \right)}}{4}$$

Añade la constante de integración:

$$\int{\tan{\left(4 x \right)} \csc{\left(4 x \right)} d x} = \frac{\ln{\left(\left|{\tan{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}}\right| \right)}}{4}+C$$

$$$\int \tan{\left(4 x \right)} \csc{\left(4 x \right)}\, dx = \frac{\ln\left(\left|{\tan{\left(2 x + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}}\right|\right)}{4} + C$$$A