Integral de $$$- \sin^{2}{\left(2 t \right)}$$$

Halla $$$\int \left(- \sin^{2}{\left(2 t \right)}\right)\, dt$$$.

Aplica la regla del factor constante $$$\int c f{\left(t \right)}\, dt = c \int f{\left(t \right)}\, dt$$$ con $$$c=-1$$$ y $$$f{\left(t \right)} = \sin^{2}{\left(2 t \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(- \sin^{2}{\left(2 t \right)}\right)d t}}} = {\color{red}{\left(- \int{\sin^{2}{\left(2 t \right)} d t}\right)}}$$

Sea $$$u=2 t$$$.

Entonces $$$du=\left(2 t\right)^{\prime }dt = 2 dt$$$ (los pasos pueden verse »), y obtenemos que $$$dt = \frac{du}{2}$$$.

Entonces,

$$- {\color{red}{\int{\sin^{2}{\left(2 t \right)} d t}}} = - {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{2} d u}}}$$

Aplica la regla del factor constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ con $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ y $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \sin^{2}{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$- {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin^{2}{\left(u \right)}}{2} d u}}} = - {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\sin^{2}{\left(u \right)} d u}}{2}\right)}}$$

Aplica la fórmula de reducción de potencia $$$\sin^{2}{\left(\alpha \right)} = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\cos{\left(2 \alpha \right)}}{2}$$$ con $$$\alpha= u $$$:

$$- \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\sin^{2}{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{2} = - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\cos{\left(2 u \right)}}{2}\right)d u}}}}{2}$$

Aplica la regla del factor constante $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ con $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ y $$$f{\left(u \right)} = 1 - \cos{\left(2 u \right)}$$$:

$$- \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\cos{\left(2 u \right)}}{2}\right)d u}}}}{2} = - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 u \right)}\right)d u}}{2}\right)}}}{2}$$

Integra término a término:

$$- \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(1 - \cos{\left(2 u \right)}\right)d u}}}}{4} = - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\int{1 d u} - \int{\cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}\right)}}}{4}$$

Aplica la regla de la constante $$$\int c\, du = c u$$$ con $$$c=1$$$:

$$\frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}}{4} - \frac{{\color{red}{\int{1 d u}}}}{4} = \frac{\int{\cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}}{4} - \frac{{\color{red}{u}}}{4}$$

Sea $$$v=2 u$$$.

Entonces $$$dv=\left(2 u\right)^{\prime }du = 2 du$$$ (los pasos pueden verse »), y obtenemos que $$$du = \frac{dv}{2}$$$.

La integral puede reescribirse como

$$- \frac{u}{4} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(2 u \right)} d u}}}}{4} = - \frac{u}{4} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(v \right)}}{2} d v}}}}{4}$$

Aplica la regla del factor constante $$$\int c f{\left(v \right)}\, dv = c \int f{\left(v \right)}\, dv$$$ con $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ y $$$f{\left(v \right)} = \cos{\left(v \right)}$$$:

$$- \frac{u}{4} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{\cos{\left(v \right)}}{2} d v}}}}{4} = - \frac{u}{4} + \frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v}}{2}\right)}}}{4}$$

La integral del coseno es $$$\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v} = \sin{\left(v \right)}$$$:

$$- \frac{u}{4} + \frac{{\color{red}{\int{\cos{\left(v \right)} d v}}}}{8} = - \frac{u}{4} + \frac{{\color{red}{\sin{\left(v \right)}}}}{8}$$

Recordemos que $$$v=2 u$$$:

$$- \frac{u}{4} + \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{v}} \right)}}{8} = - \frac{u}{4} + \frac{\sin{\left({\color{red}{\left(2 u\right)}} \right)}}{8}$$

Recordemos que $$$u=2 t$$$:

$$\frac{\sin{\left(2 {\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{u}}}{4} = \frac{\sin{\left(2 {\color{red}{\left(2 t\right)}} \right)}}{8} - \frac{{\color{red}{\left(2 t\right)}}}{4}$$

Por lo tanto,

$$\int{\left(- \sin^{2}{\left(2 t \right)}\right)d t} = - \frac{t}{2} + \frac{\sin{\left(4 t \right)}}{8}$$

Añade la constante de integración:

$$\int{\left(- \sin^{2}{\left(2 t \right)}\right)d t} = - \frac{t}{2} + \frac{\sin{\left(4 t \right)}}{8}+C$$

$$$\int \left(- \sin^{2}{\left(2 t \right)}\right)\, dt = \left(- \frac{t}{2} + \frac{\sin{\left(4 t \right)}}{8}\right) + C$$$A