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Second derivative of $$$\csc{\left(x \right)}$$$

The calculator will find the second derivative of $$$\csc{\left(x \right)}$$$, with steps shown.

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Your Input

Find $$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(\csc{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$.

Solution

Find the first derivative $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\csc{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$

The derivative of the cosecant is $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\csc{\left(x \right)}\right) = - \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\csc{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(- \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}\right)}$$

Thus, $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\csc{\left(x \right)}\right) = - \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}$$$.

Next, $$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(\csc{\left(x \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left(- \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$

Apply the constant multiple rule $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(c f{\left(x \right)}\right) = c \frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ with $$$c = -1$$$ and $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(- \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(- \frac{d}{dx} \left(\cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$

Apply the product rule $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)} g{\left(x \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)}\right) g{\left(x \right)} + f{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ with $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \cot{\left(x \right)}$$$ and $$$g{\left(x \right)} = \csc{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$- {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = - {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cot{\left(x \right)}\right) \csc{\left(x \right)} + \cot{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\csc{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$

The derivative of the cosecant is $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\csc{\left(x \right)}\right) = - \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$- \cot{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\csc{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} - \csc{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\cot{\left(x \right)}\right) = - \cot{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(- \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}\right)} - \csc{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(\cot{\left(x \right)}\right)$$

The derivative of the cotangent is $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cot{\left(x \right)}\right) = - \csc^{2}{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$\cot^{2}{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)} - \csc{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cot{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = \cot^{2}{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)} - \csc{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(- \csc^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)}$$

Simplify:

$$\cot^{2}{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)} + \csc^{3}{\left(x \right)} = \left(-1 + \frac{2}{\sin^{2}{\left(x \right)}}\right) \csc{\left(x \right)}$$

Thus, $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(- \cot{\left(x \right)} \csc{\left(x \right)}\right) = \left(-1 + \frac{2}{\sin^{2}{\left(x \right)}}\right) \csc{\left(x \right)}$$$.

Therefore, $$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(\csc{\left(x \right)}\right) = \left(-1 + \frac{2}{\sin^{2}{\left(x \right)}}\right) \csc{\left(x \right)}$$$.

Answer

$$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(\csc{\left(x \right)}\right) = \left(-1 + \frac{2}{\sin^{2}{\left(x \right)}}\right) \csc{\left(x \right)}$$$A