雅可比計算器

逐步計算雅可比矩陣

此計算器會求出該組函數的雅可比矩陣與(若可行)雅可比行列式,並顯示步驟。

以逗號分隔。
留空以自動偵測,或指定變數,如 x,y(以逗號分隔)。

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您的輸入

計算$$$\left\{x = r \cos{\left(\theta \right)}, y = r \sin{\left(\theta \right)}\right\}$$$的雅可比矩陣。

解答

雅可比矩陣定義如下:$$$J{\left(x,y \right)}\left(r, \theta\right) = \left[\begin{array}{cc}\frac{\partial x}{\partial r} & \frac{\partial x}{\partial \theta}\\\frac{\partial y}{\partial r} & \frac{\partial y}{\partial \theta}\end{array}\right]$$$

在本例中,$$$J{\left(x,y \right)}\left(r, \theta\right) = \left[\begin{array}{cc}\frac{\partial}{\partial r} \left(r \cos{\left(\theta \right)}\right) & \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta} \left(r \cos{\left(\theta \right)}\right)\\\frac{\partial}{\partial r} \left(r \sin{\left(\theta \right)}\right) & \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta} \left(r \sin{\left(\theta \right)}\right)\end{array}\right]$$$

求導數(步驟見 導數計算器):$$$J{\left(x,y \right)}\left(r, \theta\right) = \left[\begin{array}{cc}\cos{\left(\theta \right)} & - r \sin{\left(\theta \right)}\\\sin{\left(\theta \right)} & r \cos{\left(\theta \right)}\end{array}\right]$$$

雅可比行列式是雅可比矩陣的行列式:$$$\left|\begin{array}{cc}\cos{\left(\theta \right)} & - r \sin{\left(\theta \right)}\\\sin{\left(\theta \right)} & r \cos{\left(\theta \right)}\end{array}\right| = r$$$(計算步驟請參見 行列式計算器)。

答案

雅可比矩陣為 $$$\left[\begin{array}{cc}\cos{\left(\theta \right)} & - r \sin{\left(\theta \right)}\\\sin{\left(\theta \right)} & r \cos{\left(\theta \right)}\end{array}\right]$$$A

雅可比行列式為 $$$r$$$A