Integralen av $$$\sin{\left(\frac{\pi x}{4} \right)}$$$

Bestäm $$$\int \sin{\left(\frac{\pi x}{4} \right)}\, dx$$$.

Låt $$$u=\frac{\pi x}{4}$$$ vara.

Då $$$du=\left(\frac{\pi x}{4}\right)^{\prime }dx = \frac{\pi}{4} dx$$$ (stegen kan ses »), och vi har att $$$dx = \frac{4 du}{\pi}$$$.

Alltså,

$${\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(\frac{\pi x}{4} \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{4 \sin{\left(u \right)}}{\pi} d u}}}$$

Tillämpa konstantfaktorregeln $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ med $$$c=\frac{4}{\pi}$$$ och $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{4 \sin{\left(u \right)}}{\pi} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{4 \int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}}{\pi}\right)}}$$

Integralen av sinus är $$$\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u} = - \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{4 {\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}}}}{\pi} = \frac{4 {\color{red}{\left(- \cos{\left(u \right)}\right)}}}{\pi}$$

Kom ihåg att $$$u=\frac{\pi x}{4}$$$:

$$- \frac{4 \cos{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)}}{\pi} = - \frac{4 \cos{\left({\color{red}{\left(\frac{\pi x}{4}\right)}} \right)}}{\pi}$$

Alltså,

$$\int{\sin{\left(\frac{\pi x}{4} \right)} d x} = - \frac{4 \cos{\left(\frac{\pi x}{4} \right)}}{\pi}$$

Lägg till integrationskonstanten:

$$\int{\sin{\left(\frac{\pi x}{4} \right)} d x} = - \frac{4 \cos{\left(\frac{\pi x}{4} \right)}}{\pi}+C$$

$$$\int \sin{\left(\frac{\pi x}{4} \right)}\, dx = - \frac{4 \cos{\left(\frac{\pi x}{4} \right)}}{\pi} + C$$$A