Integralen av $$$4 \pi \sin{\left(\pi x \right)}$$$

Bestäm $$$\int 4 \pi \sin{\left(\pi x \right)}\, dx$$$.

Tillämpa konstantfaktorregeln $$$\int c f{\left(x \right)}\, dx = c \int f{\left(x \right)}\, dx$$$ med $$$c=4 \pi$$$ och $$$f{\left(x \right)} = \sin{\left(\pi x \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{4 \pi \sin{\left(\pi x \right)} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\left(4 \pi \int{\sin{\left(\pi x \right)} d x}\right)}}$$

Låt $$$u=\pi x$$$ vara.

Då $$$du=\left(\pi x\right)^{\prime }dx = \pi dx$$$ (stegen kan ses »), och vi har att $$$dx = \frac{du}{\pi}$$$.

Alltså,

$$4 \pi {\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(\pi x \right)} d x}}} = 4 \pi {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin{\left(u \right)}}{\pi} d u}}}$$

Tillämpa konstantfaktorregeln $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ med $$$c=\frac{1}{\pi}$$$ och $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \sin{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$4 \pi {\color{red}{\int{\frac{\sin{\left(u \right)}}{\pi} d u}}} = 4 \pi {\color{red}{\frac{\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}}{\pi}}}$$

Integralen av sinus är $$$\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u} = - \cos{\left(u \right)}$$$:

$$4 {\color{red}{\int{\sin{\left(u \right)} d u}}} = 4 {\color{red}{\left(- \cos{\left(u \right)}\right)}}$$

Kom ihåg att $$$u=\pi x$$$:

$$- 4 \cos{\left({\color{red}{u}} \right)} = - 4 \cos{\left({\color{red}{\pi x}} \right)}$$

Alltså,

$$\int{4 \pi \sin{\left(\pi x \right)} d x} = - 4 \cos{\left(\pi x \right)}$$

Lägg till integrationskonstanten:

$$\int{4 \pi \sin{\left(\pi x \right)} d x} = - 4 \cos{\left(\pi x \right)}+C$$

$$$\int 4 \pi \sin{\left(\pi x \right)}\, dx = - 4 \cos{\left(\pi x \right)} + C$$$A