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Solution
Your input: convert $$$\frac{500}{40}$$$ into a decimal.
Write the problem in the special format:
$$$\require{enclose}\begin{array}{rlc}&\phantom{-\enclose{longdiv}{}}\begin{array}{ccc}\phantom{1}&\phantom{2}&\phantom{.}&\phantom{5}\end{array}&\\40&\phantom{-}\enclose{longdiv}{\begin{array}{ccc}5&0&0\end{array}}&\\&\begin{array}{lll}\end{array}&\begin{array}{c}\end{array}\end{array}$$$
Step 1
How many $$$40$$$'s are in $$$5$$$?
The answer is $$$0$$$.
Write down $$$0$$$ in the upper part of the table.
Now, $$$5-40 \cdot 0 = 5 - 0= 5$$$.
Bring down the next digit of the dividend.
$$$\require{enclose}\begin{array}{rlc}&\phantom{-\enclose{longdiv}{}}\begin{array}{ccccc}\color{Peru}{0}&\phantom{1}&\phantom{2}&\phantom{.}&\phantom{5}\end{array}&\\\color{Magenta}{40}&\phantom{-}\enclose{longdiv}{\begin{array}{ccccc}\color{Peru}{5}& 0 \downarrow&0&.&0\end{array}}&\\&\begin{array}{llll}-&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{.}\\\phantom{lll}0&\phantom{.}\\\hline\phantom{lll}5&0&\phantom{.}\end{array}&\begin{array}{c}\end{array}\end{array}$$$
Step 2
How many $$$40$$$'s are in $$$50$$$?
The answer is $$$1$$$.
Write down $$$1$$$ in the upper part of the table.
Now, $$$50-40 \cdot 1 = 50 - 40= 10$$$.
Bring down the next digit of the dividend.
$$$\require{enclose}\begin{array}{rlc}&\phantom{-\enclose{longdiv}{}}\begin{array}{ccccc}0&\color{BlueViolet}{1}&\phantom{2}&\phantom{.}&\phantom{5}\end{array}&\\\color{Magenta}{40}&\phantom{-}\enclose{longdiv}{\begin{array}{ccccc}5&0& 0 \downarrow&.&0\end{array}}&\\&\begin{array}{llll}-&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{.}\\\phantom{lll}0&\phantom{.}\\\hline\phantom{lll}\color{BlueViolet}{5}&\color{BlueViolet}{0}&\phantom{.}\\-&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{.}\\\phantom{lll}4&0&\phantom{.}\\\hline\phantom{lll}1&0&0&\phantom{.}\end{array}&\begin{array}{c}\end{array}\end{array}$$$
Step 3
How many $$$40$$$'s are in $$$100$$$?
The answer is $$$2$$$.
Write down $$$2$$$ in the upper part of the table.
Now, $$$100-40 \cdot 2 = 100 - 80= 20$$$.
Bring down the next digit of the dividend.
$$$\require{enclose}\begin{array}{rlc}&\phantom{-\enclose{longdiv}{}}\begin{array}{ccccc}0&1&\color{SaddleBrown}{2}&\phantom{.}&\phantom{5}\end{array}&\\\color{Magenta}{40}&\phantom{-}\enclose{longdiv}{\begin{array}{ccccc}5&0&0&.& 0 \downarrow\end{array}}&\\&\begin{array}{llll}-&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{.}\\\phantom{lll}0&\phantom{.}\\\hline\phantom{lll}5&0&\phantom{.}\\-&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{.}\\\phantom{lll}4&0&\phantom{.}\\\hline\phantom{lll}\color{SaddleBrown}{1}&\color{SaddleBrown}{0}&\color{SaddleBrown}{0}&\phantom{.}\\-&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{.}\\\phantom{lll}&8&0&\phantom{.}\\\hline\phantom{lll}&2&0&\phantom{.}&0\end{array}&\begin{array}{c}\end{array}\end{array}$$$
Step 4
How many $$$40$$$'s are in $$$200$$$?
The answer is $$$5$$$.
Write down $$$5$$$ in the upper part of the table.
Now, $$$200-40 \cdot 5 = 200 - 200= 0$$$.
$$$\require{enclose}\begin{array}{rlc}&\phantom{-\enclose{longdiv}{}}\begin{array}{ccccc}0&1&2&.&\color{Green}{5}\end{array}&\\\color{Magenta}{40}&\phantom{-}\enclose{longdiv}{\begin{array}{ccccc}5&0&0&.&0\end{array}}&\\&\begin{array}{llll}-&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{.}\\\phantom{lll}0&\phantom{.}\\\hline\phantom{lll}5&0&\phantom{.}\\-&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{.}\\\phantom{lll}4&0&\phantom{.}\\\hline\phantom{lll}1&0&0&\phantom{.}\\-&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{.}\\\phantom{lll}&8&0&\phantom{.}\\\hline\phantom{lll}&\color{Green}{2}&\color{Green}{0}&\phantom{.}&\color{Green}{0}\\-&\phantom{0}&\phantom{0}&\phantom{.}&\phantom{0}\\\phantom{lll}&2&0&\phantom{.}&0\\\hline\phantom{lll}&&&&0\end{array}&\begin{array}{c}\end{array}\end{array}$$$
Since the remainder is $$$0$$$, then we are done.
Therefore, $$$\frac{500}{40}=12.5$$$
Answer: $$$\frac{500}{40}=12.5$$$