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Second derivative of $$$x \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$

The calculator will find the second derivative of $$$x \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$, with steps shown.

Related calculators: Derivative Calculator, Logarithmic Differentiation Calculator

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Your Input

Find $$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$.

Solution

Find the first derivative $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$

Apply the product rule $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)} g{\left(x \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)}\right) g{\left(x \right)} + f{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ with $$$f{\left(x \right)} = x$$$ and $$$g{\left(x \right)} = \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) \sin{\left(x \right)} + x \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$

The derivative of the sine is $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$x {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) = x {\color{red}\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right)$$

Apply the power rule $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{n}\right) = n x^{n - 1}$$$ with $$$n = 1$$$, in other words, $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) = 1$$$:

$$x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right)\right)} = x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(1\right)}$$

Thus, $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$.

Next, $$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$

The derivative of a sum/difference is the sum/difference of derivatives:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)}\right) + \frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$

The derivative of the sine is $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$${\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\sin{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)}\right) = {\color{red}\left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)} + \frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)}\right)$$

Apply the product rule $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)} g{\left(x \right)}\right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left(f{\left(x \right)}\right) g{\left(x \right)} + f{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(g{\left(x \right)}\right)$$$ with $$$f{\left(x \right)} = x$$$ and $$$g{\left(x \right)} = \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$\cos{\left(x \right)} + {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} = \cos{\left(x \right)} + {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) \cos{\left(x \right)} + x \frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)}$$

The derivative of the cosine is $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right) = - \sin{\left(x \right)}$$$:

$$x {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(\cos{\left(x \right)}\right)\right)} + \cos{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) + \cos{\left(x \right)} = x {\color{red}\left(- \sin{\left(x \right)}\right)} + \cos{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) + \cos{\left(x \right)}$$

Apply the power rule $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^{n}\right) = n x^{n - 1}$$$ with $$$n = 1$$$, in other words, $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right) = 1$$$:

$$- x \sin{\left(x \right)} + \cos{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(\frac{d}{dx} \left(x\right)\right)} + \cos{\left(x \right)} = - x \sin{\left(x \right)} + \cos{\left(x \right)} {\color{red}\left(1\right)} + \cos{\left(x \right)}$$

Thus, $$$\frac{d}{dx} \left(x \cos{\left(x \right)} + \sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = - x \sin{\left(x \right)} + 2 \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$.

Therefore, $$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = - x \sin{\left(x \right)} + 2 \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$.

Answer

$$$\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} \left(x \sin{\left(x \right)}\right) = - x \sin{\left(x \right)} + 2 \cos{\left(x \right)}$$$A