Integral of $$$\frac{e^{2 x}}{\sqrt{16 - e^{4 x}}}$$$

Find $$$\int \frac{e^{2 x}}{\sqrt{16 - e^{4 x}}}\, dx$$$.

Let $$$u=e^{2 x}$$$.

Then $$$du=\left(e^{2 x}\right)^{\prime }dx = 2 e^{2 x} dx$$$ (steps can be seen »), and we have that $$$e^{2 x} dx = \frac{du}{2}$$$.

The integral can be rewritten as

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{e^{2 x}}{\sqrt{16 - e^{4 x}}} d x}}} = {\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{16 - u^{2}}} d u}}}$$

Apply the constant multiple rule $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ with $$$c=\frac{1}{2}$$$ and $$$f{\left(u \right)} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{16 - u^{2}}}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{16 - u^{2}}} d u}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\frac{1}{\sqrt{16 - u^{2}}} d u}}{2}\right)}}$$

Let $$$u=4 \sin{\left(v \right)}$$$.

Then $$$du=\left(4 \sin{\left(v \right)}\right)^{\prime }dv = 4 \cos{\left(v \right)} dv$$$ (steps can be seen »).

Also, it follows that $$$v=\operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{u}{4} \right)}$$$.

Therefore,

$$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{16 - u ^{2}}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{16 - 16 \sin^{2}{\left( v \right)}}}$$$

Use the identity $$$1 - \sin^{2}{\left( v \right)} = \cos^{2}{\left( v \right)}$$$:

$$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{16 - 16 \sin^{2}{\left( v \right)}}}=\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{1 - \sin^{2}{\left( v \right)}}}=\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{\cos^{2}{\left( v \right)}}}$$$

Assuming that $$$\cos{\left( v \right)} \ge 0$$$, we obtain the following:

$$$\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{\cos^{2}{\left( v \right)}}} = \frac{1}{4 \cos{\left( v \right)}}$$$

Therefore,

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\frac{1}{\sqrt{16 - u^{2}}} d u}}}}{2} = \frac{{\color{red}{\int{1 d v}}}}{2}$$

Apply the constant rule $$$\int c\, dv = c v$$$ with $$$c=1$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{1 d v}}}}{2} = \frac{{\color{red}{v}}}{2}$$

Recall that $$$v=\operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{u}{4} \right)}$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{v}}}{2} = \frac{{\color{red}{\operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{u}{4} \right)}}}}{2}$$

Recall that $$$u=e^{2 x}$$$:

$$\frac{\operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{{\color{red}{u}}}{4} \right)}}{2} = \frac{\operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{{\color{red}{e^{2 x}}}}{4} \right)}}{2}$$

Therefore,

$$\int{\frac{e^{2 x}}{\sqrt{16 - e^{4 x}}} d x} = \frac{\operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{e^{2 x}}{4} \right)}}{2}$$

Add the constant of integration:

$$\int{\frac{e^{2 x}}{\sqrt{16 - e^{4 x}}} d x} = \frac{\operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{e^{2 x}}{4} \right)}}{2}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{e^{2 x}}{\sqrt{16 - e^{4 x}}}\, dx = \frac{\operatorname{asin}{\left(\frac{e^{2 x}}{4} \right)}}{2} + C$$$A