Integral of $$$\left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t}$$$

Find $$$\int \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t}\, dt$$$.

For the integral $$$\int{\left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} d t}$$$, use integration by parts $$$\int \operatorname{u} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{u}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{du}$$$.

Let $$$\operatorname{u}=t^{2} - 1$$$ and $$$\operatorname{dv}=e^{- t} dt$$$.

Then $$$\operatorname{du}=\left(t^{2} - 1\right)^{\prime }dt=2 t dt$$$ (steps can be seen ») and $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{e^{- t} d t}=- e^{- t}$$$ (steps can be seen »).

Thus,

$${\color{red}{\int{\left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} d t}}}={\color{red}{\left(\left(t^{2} - 1\right) \cdot \left(- e^{- t}\right)-\int{\left(- e^{- t}\right) \cdot 2 t d t}\right)}}={\color{red}{\left(- \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} - \int{\left(- 2 t e^{- t}\right)d t}\right)}}$$

Apply the constant multiple rule $$$\int c f{\left(t \right)}\, dt = c \int f{\left(t \right)}\, dt$$$ with $$$c=-2$$$ and $$$f{\left(t \right)} = t e^{- t}$$$:

$$- \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} - {\color{red}{\int{\left(- 2 t e^{- t}\right)d t}}} = - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} - {\color{red}{\left(- 2 \int{t e^{- t} d t}\right)}}$$

For the integral $$$\int{t e^{- t} d t}$$$, use integration by parts $$$\int \operatorname{u} \operatorname{dv} = \operatorname{u}\operatorname{v} - \int \operatorname{v} \operatorname{du}$$$.

Let $$$\operatorname{u}=t$$$ and $$$\operatorname{dv}=e^{- t} dt$$$.

Then $$$\operatorname{du}=\left(t\right)^{\prime }dt=1 dt$$$ (steps can be seen ») and $$$\operatorname{v}=\int{e^{- t} d t}=- e^{- t}$$$ (steps can be seen »).

Thus,

$$- \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} + 2 {\color{red}{\int{t e^{- t} d t}}}=- \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} + 2 {\color{red}{\left(t \cdot \left(- e^{- t}\right)-\int{\left(- e^{- t}\right) \cdot 1 d t}\right)}}=- \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} + 2 {\color{red}{\left(- t e^{- t} - \int{\left(- e^{- t}\right)d t}\right)}}$$

Apply the constant multiple rule $$$\int c f{\left(t \right)}\, dt = c \int f{\left(t \right)}\, dt$$$ with $$$c=-1$$$ and $$$f{\left(t \right)} = e^{- t}$$$:

$$- 2 t e^{- t} - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} - 2 {\color{red}{\int{\left(- e^{- t}\right)d t}}} = - 2 t e^{- t} - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} - 2 {\color{red}{\left(- \int{e^{- t} d t}\right)}}$$

Let $$$u=- t$$$.

Then $$$du=\left(- t\right)^{\prime }dt = - dt$$$ (steps can be seen »), and we have that $$$dt = - du$$$.

The integral becomes

$$- 2 t e^{- t} - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} + 2 {\color{red}{\int{e^{- t} d t}}} = - 2 t e^{- t} - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} + 2 {\color{red}{\int{\left(- e^{u}\right)d u}}}$$

Apply the constant multiple rule $$$\int c f{\left(u \right)}\, du = c \int f{\left(u \right)}\, du$$$ with $$$c=-1$$$ and $$$f{\left(u \right)} = e^{u}$$$:

$$- 2 t e^{- t} - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} + 2 {\color{red}{\int{\left(- e^{u}\right)d u}}} = - 2 t e^{- t} - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} + 2 {\color{red}{\left(- \int{e^{u} d u}\right)}}$$

The integral of the exponential function is $$$\int{e^{u} d u} = e^{u}$$$:

$$- 2 t e^{- t} - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} - 2 {\color{red}{\int{e^{u} d u}}} = - 2 t e^{- t} - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} - 2 {\color{red}{e^{u}}}$$

Recall that $$$u=- t$$$:

$$- 2 t e^{- t} - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} - 2 e^{{\color{red}{u}}} = - 2 t e^{- t} - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} - 2 e^{{\color{red}{\left(- t\right)}}}$$

Therefore,

$$\int{\left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} d t} = - 2 t e^{- t} - \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} - 2 e^{- t}$$

Simplify:

$$\int{\left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} d t} = - \left(t + 1\right)^{2} e^{- t}$$

Add the constant of integration:

$$\int{\left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t} d t} = - \left(t + 1\right)^{2} e^{- t}+C$$

$$$\int \left(t^{2} - 1\right) e^{- t}\, dt = - \left(t + 1\right)^{2} e^{- t} + C$$$A