Integral of $$$\frac{\left(y - 4\right)^{2}}{3}$$$

Find $$$\int \frac{\left(y - 4\right)^{2}}{3}\, dy$$$.

Apply the constant multiple rule $$$\int c f{\left(y \right)}\, dy = c \int f{\left(y \right)}\, dy$$$ with $$$c=\frac{1}{3}$$$ and $$$f{\left(y \right)} = \left(y - 4\right)^{2}$$$:

$${\color{red}{\int{\frac{\left(y - 4\right)^{2}}{3} d y}}} = {\color{red}{\left(\frac{\int{\left(y - 4\right)^{2} d y}}{3}\right)}}$$

Let $$$u=y - 4$$$.

Then $$$du=\left(y - 4\right)^{\prime }dy = 1 dy$$$ (steps can be seen »), and we have that $$$dy = du$$$.

Thus,

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{\left(y - 4\right)^{2} d y}}}}{3} = \frac{{\color{red}{\int{u^{2} d u}}}}{3}$$

Apply the power rule $$$\int u^{n}\, du = \frac{u^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$$$ $$$\left(n \neq -1 \right)$$$ with $$$n=2$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{\int{u^{2} d u}}}}{3}=\frac{{\color{red}{\frac{u^{1 + 2}}{1 + 2}}}}{3}=\frac{{\color{red}{\left(\frac{u^{3}}{3}\right)}}}{3}$$

Recall that $$$u=y - 4$$$:

$$\frac{{\color{red}{u}}^{3}}{9} = \frac{{\color{red}{\left(y - 4\right)}}^{3}}{9}$$

Therefore,

$$\int{\frac{\left(y - 4\right)^{2}}{3} d y} = \frac{\left(y - 4\right)^{3}}{9}$$

Add the constant of integration:

$$\int{\frac{\left(y - 4\right)^{2}}{3} d y} = \frac{\left(y - 4\right)^{3}}{9}+C$$

$$$\int \frac{\left(y - 4\right)^{2}}{3}\, dy = \frac{\left(y - 4\right)^{3}}{9} + C$$$A