Kalkylator för simplexmetoden

Lös optimeringsproblem med simplexmetoden

Räknaren löser det givna optimeringsproblemet med hjälp av simplexalgoritmen. Den lägger till slack-, överskotts- och artificiella variabler vid behov. Om artificiella variabler förekommer används Big M-metoden eller tvåfasmetoden för att bestämma startlösningen. Steg är tillgängliga.

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Din inmatning

Maximera $$$Z = 3 x_{1} + 4 x_{2}$$$, under bivillkoren $$$\begin{cases} x_{1} + 2 x_{2} \leq 8 \\ x_{1} + x_{2} \leq 6 \\ x_{2} \geq 0 \\ x_{1} \geq 0 \end{cases}$$$.

Lösning

Problemet i kanonisk form kan skrivas enligt följande:

$$Z = 3 x_{1} + 4 x_{2} \to max$$$$\begin{cases} x_{1} + 2 x_{2} \leq 8 \\ x_{1} + x_{2} \leq 6 \\ x_{1}, x_{2} \geq 0 \end{cases}$$

Lägg till variabler (slack- eller överskottsvariabler) för att omvandla alla olikheter till likheter:

$$Z = 3 x_{1} + 4 x_{2} \to max$$$$\begin{cases} x_{1} + 2 x_{2} + S_{1} = 8 \\ x_{1} + x_{2} + S_{2} = 6 \\ x_{1}, x_{2}, S_{1}, S_{2} \geq 0 \end{cases}$$

Skriv upp simplextablån:

Basic$$$x_{1}$$$$$$x_{2}$$$$$$S_{1}$$$$$$S_{2}$$$Lösning
$$$Z$$$$$$-3$$$$$$-4$$$$$$0$$$$$$0$$$$$$0$$$
$$$S_{1}$$$$$$1$$$$$$2$$$$$$1$$$$$$0$$$$$$8$$$
$$$S_{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$1$$$$$$0$$$$$$1$$$$$$6$$$

Den inträdande variabeln är $$$x_{2}$$$, eftersom den har den mest negativa koefficienten $$$-4$$$ i Z-raden.

Basic$$$x_{1}$$$$$$x_{2}$$$$$$S_{1}$$$$$$S_{2}$$$LösningRatio
$$$Z$$$$$$-3$$$$$$-4$$$$$$0$$$$$$0$$$$$$0$$$
$$$S_{1}$$$$$$1$$$$$$2$$$$$$1$$$$$$0$$$$$$8$$$$$$\frac{8}{2} = 4$$$
$$$S_{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$1$$$$$$0$$$$$$1$$$$$$6$$$$$$\frac{6}{1} = 6$$$

Den avgående variabeln är $$$S_{1}$$$, eftersom den har den minsta kvoten.

Dividera rad $$$1$$$ med $$$2$$$: $$$R_{1} = \frac{R_{1}}{2}$$$.

Basic$$$x_{1}$$$$$$x_{2}$$$$$$S_{1}$$$$$$S_{2}$$$Lösning
$$$Z$$$$$$-3$$$$$$-4$$$$$$0$$$$$$0$$$$$$0$$$
$$$x_{2}$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$0$$$$$$4$$$
$$$S_{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$1$$$$$$0$$$$$$1$$$$$$6$$$

Lägg till rad $$$2$$$ multiplicerad med $$$4$$$ till rad $$$1$$$: $$$R_{1} = R_{1} + 4 R_{2}$$$.

Basic$$$x_{1}$$$$$$x_{2}$$$$$$S_{1}$$$$$$S_{2}$$$Lösning
$$$Z$$$$$$-1$$$$$$0$$$$$$2$$$$$$0$$$$$$16$$$
$$$x_{2}$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$0$$$$$$4$$$
$$$S_{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$1$$$$$$0$$$$$$1$$$$$$6$$$

Subtrahera rad $$$2$$$ från rad $$$3$$$: $$$R_{3} = R_{3} - R_{2}$$$.

Basic$$$x_{1}$$$$$$x_{2}$$$$$$S_{1}$$$$$$S_{2}$$$Lösning
$$$Z$$$$$$-1$$$$$$0$$$$$$2$$$$$$0$$$$$$16$$$
$$$x_{2}$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$0$$$$$$4$$$
$$$S_{2}$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$0$$$$$$- \frac{1}{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$2$$$

Den inträdande variabeln är $$$x_{1}$$$, eftersom den har den mest negativa koefficienten $$$-1$$$ i Z-raden.

Basic$$$x_{1}$$$$$$x_{2}$$$$$$S_{1}$$$$$$S_{2}$$$LösningRatio
$$$Z$$$$$$-1$$$$$$0$$$$$$2$$$$$$0$$$$$$16$$$
$$$x_{2}$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$0$$$$$$4$$$$$$\frac{4}{\frac{1}{2}} = 8$$$
$$$S_{2}$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$0$$$$$$- \frac{1}{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$2$$$$$$\frac{2}{\frac{1}{2}} = 4$$$

Den avgående variabeln är $$$S_{2}$$$, eftersom den har den minsta kvoten.

Multiplicera rad $$$2$$$ med $$$2$$$: $$$R_{2} = 2 R_{2}$$$.

Basic$$$x_{1}$$$$$$x_{2}$$$$$$S_{1}$$$$$$S_{2}$$$Lösning
$$$Z$$$$$$-1$$$$$$0$$$$$$2$$$$$$0$$$$$$16$$$
$$$x_{2}$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$0$$$$$$4$$$
$$$x_{1}$$$$$$1$$$$$$0$$$$$$-1$$$$$$2$$$$$$4$$$

Addera rad $$$3$$$ till rad $$$1$$$: $$$R_{1} = R_{1} + R_{3}$$$.

Basic$$$x_{1}$$$$$$x_{2}$$$$$$S_{1}$$$$$$S_{2}$$$Lösning
$$$Z$$$$$$0$$$$$$0$$$$$$1$$$$$$2$$$$$$20$$$
$$$x_{2}$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$1$$$$$$\frac{1}{2}$$$$$$0$$$$$$4$$$
$$$x_{1}$$$$$$1$$$$$$0$$$$$$-1$$$$$$2$$$$$$4$$$

Subtrahera rad $$$3$$$ multiplicerad med $$$\frac{1}{2}$$$ från rad $$$2$$$: $$$R_{2} = R_{2} - \frac{R_{3}}{2}$$$.

Basic$$$x_{1}$$$$$$x_{2}$$$$$$S_{1}$$$$$$S_{2}$$$Lösning
$$$Z$$$$$$0$$$$$$0$$$$$$1$$$$$$2$$$$$$20$$$
$$$x_{2}$$$$$$0$$$$$$1$$$$$$1$$$$$$-1$$$$$$2$$$
$$$x_{1}$$$$$$1$$$$$$0$$$$$$-1$$$$$$2$$$$$$4$$$

Inga av Z-radens koefficienter är negativa.

Optimum har uppnåtts.

Följande lösning erhålls: $$$\left(x_{1}, x_{2}, S_{1}, S_{2}\right) = \left(4, 2, 0, 0\right)$$$.

Svar

$$$Z = 20$$$A uppnås vid $$$\left(x_{1}, x_{2}\right) = \left(4, 2\right)$$$A.


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