Divide $$$x^{3}$$$ by $$$x^{2} + 1$$$

The calculator will divide $$$x^{3}$$$ by $$$x^{2} + 1$$$ using long division, with steps shown.

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Your Input

Find $$$\frac{x^{3}}{x^{2} + 1}$$$ using long division.

Solution

Write the problem in the special format (missed terms are written with zero coefficients):

$$$\begin{array}{r|r}\hline\\x^{2}+1&x^{3}+0 x^{2}+0 x+0\end{array}$$$

Step 1

Divide the leading term of the dividend by the leading term of the divisor: $$$\frac{x^{3}}{x^{2}} = x$$$.

Write down the calculated result in the upper part of the table.

Multiply it by the divisor: $$$x \left(x^{2}+1\right) = x^{3}+x$$$.

Subtract the dividend from the obtained result: $$$\left(x^{3}\right) - \left(x^{3}+x\right) = - x$$$.

$$\begin{array}{r|rrrr:c}&{\color{SaddleBrown}x}&&&&\\\hline\\{\color{Magenta}x^{2}}+1&{\color{SaddleBrown}x^{3}}&+0 x^{2}&+0 x&+0&\frac{{\color{SaddleBrown}x^{3}}}{{\color{Magenta}x^{2}}} = {\color{SaddleBrown}x}\\&-\phantom{x^{3}}&&&&\\&x^{3}&+0 x^{2}&+x&&{\color{SaddleBrown}x} \left(x^{2}+1\right) = x^{3}+x\\\hline\\&&&- x&+0&\end{array}$$

Since the degree of the remainder is less than the degree of the divisor, we are done.

The resulting table is shown once more:

$$\begin{array}{r|rrrr:c}&{\color{SaddleBrown}x}&&&&\text{Hints}\\\hline\\{\color{Magenta}x^{2}}+1&{\color{SaddleBrown}x^{3}}&+0 x^{2}&+0 x&+0&\frac{{\color{SaddleBrown}x^{3}}}{{\color{Magenta}x^{2}}} = {\color{SaddleBrown}x}\\&-\phantom{x^{3}}&&&&\\&x^{3}&+0 x^{2}&+x&&{\color{SaddleBrown}x} \left(x^{2}+1\right) = x^{3}+x\\\hline\\&&&- x&+0&\end{array}$$

Therefore, $$$\frac{x^{3}}{x^{2} + 1} = x + \frac{- x}{x^{2} + 1}$$$.

Answer

$$$\frac{x^{3}}{x^{2} + 1} = x + \frac{- x}{x^{2} + 1}$$$A